The point of this chapter is to do more than just tell you that WEP is bad. Our goal is to paint a picture of what WEP was intended to do, how it works, and why it fails to live up to its design goals.
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Your restriction 3 each character can be used only once is the harder one, but probably wouldn't really reduce the total combinations space very much, so I recommend setting it aside for now. First, take a look at the policygen tool from the PACK toolkit. You can generate a set of masks that match your length and minimums. You can also inform time estimation using policygen 's --pps parameter.
This tells policygen how many passwords per second your target platform can attempt. Notice that policygen estimates the time to be more than 1 year.
For closer estimation, you may not be able to predict when your specific passphrase would be cracked, but you can establish an upper bound and an average half of that upper bound. Using hashcat 's maskprocessor tool , you can get the total number of combinations for a given mask. Running that against each mask, and summing the results:. Assuming , hashes per second, that's 5. The average passphrase would be cracked within half a year half of time needed to traverse the total keyspace.
Of course, this time estimate is tied directly to the compute power available. As you add more GPUs to the mix, performance will scale linearly with their performance. To try to crack it, you would simply feed your WPA2 handshake and your list of masks to hashcat , like so. Note that this rig has more than one GPU. Since policygen sorts masks in roughly complexity order, the fastest masks appear first in the list. So each mask will tend to take roughly more time than the previous ones.
You have to use 2 digits at least, so for the first one, there are 10 possibilities, for the second 9, which makes 90 possible pairs. I don't understand where the is coming from - as well, as the I dream of a future where all questions to teach combinatorics are "How many passwords following these criteria exist? First, you have 62 characters, 8 of those make about 2.
So that's an upper bound. Second, we need at least 2 lowercase, 2 uppercase and 2 numbers. The fact that letters are not allowed to repeat make things a lot easier here. That gives a total of about 3. The policygen tool that Royce used doesn't allow specifying that every letter can be used only once so this number is slightly lower. Sign up to join this community. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top.
It runs existing tools for you to eliminate the need to memorize command-line switches and how to configure various tools. To learn more about using wifite, read the wifite walkthrough. It uses dictionary attacks, distributed network attacks and other methods to guess WEP Keys. WepDecrypt requires installing some libraries and making the binaries executable. For this reason, the tool may not be a good choice for novice users.
CloudCracker leverages cloud-based resources to crack WPA keys and other types of password hashes. It takes the handshake file and the network name as input and performs the password cracking. CloudCracker has a massive password dictionary, giving it a high probability of cracking weak passwords. The price of cracking a hash depends on the desired priority.
Pyrit is a tool for performing brute-force password guessing attacks against IEEE It supports the creation of massive pre-computed rainbow tables of passwords stored in databases. It accomplishes this through a variety of different attacks including exploitation of vulnerable protocols, phishing attacks, brute-force and dictionary-based password guessing attacks. Fern is available for Windows, Linux and macOS platforms. It operated under a freemium model, where a license is necessary to gain access to the full suite of features.
Airgeddon is a script designed to run other network monitoring and cracking scripts. For example, Airgeddon requires Aircrack-ng to run. By configuring and executing these scripts for the user, Airgeddon can make Wi-Fi cracking easier to perform.
Many Wi-Fi networks use secure encryption protocols, making them more difficult to attack. Tools like Wifiphisher attempt to steal user credentials via phishing attacks.
After gaining access to a wireless network, a penetration tester needs to perform network sniffing and traffic analysis to take advantage of that visibility. A couple of different options exist for monitoring and dissecting the traffic flowing over wireless networks. Wireshark is the most popular network traffic analysis tool in existence. Below is an example of how a router's setup may appear. In your router's configuration interface, look for a section called Wireless , or something similar.
You're looking for the page where you can change the wireless network's configuration, including its SSID name and authentication key. If you're unable to locate it, consult your router's manual for specific instructions.
When you find the wireless network configuration page, you can view the values and make changes. You can set the encryption key password in one of the text fields below this. Consult your manual if you're unable to locate the correct field. The encryption key is often displayed in plain text, so if you only need the current password, it should be visible on this page.
At this time, change your SSID name, which is the name that appears in the list of available wireless networks. If you make any changes to your router's configuration, make sure to save them. For instance, in the example pictured above, you'd click the Apply button. Many modern wireless routers offer two wireless networks which broadcast at frequencies of 2.
The configuration for each network may appear on separate pages. If you are using both networks, make sure they are both configured the way you want, and you know the password for each. Consult your router's manual for more information regarding dual-band Wi-Fi configuration.
If you've tried all the above suggestions and still can't log on, we recommend contacting the router manufacturer directly for technical support.
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