Supportive care to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance is essential. In some cases, the antiviral drug ribavirin may be given. Researchers are in the process of developing vaccines for several hemorrhagic viruses. A yellow fever vaccine is currently available for people traveling to areas where yellow fever is common.
If you live or work in an area where viral hemorrhagic diseases are common, you can do the following to reduce your risk:. Some viruses can infect the brain and surrounding tissues, causing neurologic viral diseases. This can result in a range of symptoms, including:.
Many neurologic viruses are spread through the bite of an infected animal or bug, such as a mosquito or tick. Other viruses, such poliovirus and other enteroviruses, are quite contagious and spread through close contact with someone with the virus. Contaminated objects can also contribute to the spread of these viruses.
Getting plenty of rest, staying hydrated, and taking OTC anti-inflammatories to ease pain or headaches can all help. In some cases, antiviral medication may be prescribed. Polio or severe cases of meningitis or encephalitis may require additional treatment, such as breathing assistance or IV fluids. Practicing good hygiene, avoiding close contact with those who have the virus, and protecting against insect bites can all help to reduce the spread of encephalitis and meningitis.
To reduce the risk of spreading rabies, keep your pets vaccinated and avoid approaching wild animals. There are many viral diseases. Some, such as the common cold or the stomach flu, are minor and go away on their own within a few days. Others, however, are more serious. Instead, treatment usually focuses on managing symptoms and supporting the immune system with plenty of rest and hydration.
Post-viral fatigue is a type of extreme tiredness that sometimes happens after a recent viral infection. We'll go over its common symptoms, how it's….
A viral fever is an uncomfortable symptom of many viral illnesses. Viral rashes can affect children and adults alike. Learn how to recognize them, the viruses that cause them, and how they're spread, treated, and more.
A viral fever is a high body temperature that accompanies many viral infections. Find out how they compare to flu or hay fever, emergency symptoms, and…. Many infectious diseases can be treated by antibiotics specifically diseases caused by bacteria. Those caused by viruses can sometimes be treated by antiviral medications, and diseases caused by fungi can be treated by antifungals. Some diseases, however, have become resistant to drugs.
You should always consult a doctor about the best treatment option for your particular symptoms or disease. We now know masks are one of the best ways we can protect ourselves and others against the COVID virus. But occasionally, when a new flu strain emerges, a pandemic results in a faster spread of disease and, often, higher mortality rates.
Dengue virus first appeared in the s in the Philippines and Thailand and has since spread throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe, according to Clinical Microbiology Reviews. A vaccine for Dengue was approved in by the U. Food and Drug Administration for use in children years old living in areas where dengue is common and with a confirmed history of virus infection, according to the CDC.
In some countries, an approved vaccine is available for those years old, but again, recipients must have contracted a confirmed case of dengue in the past. Those who have not caught the virus before could be put at risk of developing severe dengue if given the vaccine. Two vaccines are now available to protect children from rotavirus, the leading cause of severe diarrheal illness among babies and young children. The virus can spread rapidly, through what researchers call the fecal-oral route meaning that small particles of feces end up being consumed.
Although children in the developed world rarely die from rotavirus infection , the disease is a killer in the developing world, where rehydration treatments are not widely available. The WHO estimates that worldwide, there are more than 25 million outpatient visits and two million hospitalizations each year due to rotavirus infections. Countries that have introduced the vaccine have reported sharp declines in rotavirus hospitalizations and deaths.
The virus likely emerged in bats initially, then hopped into nocturnal mammals called civets before finally infecting humans, according to the Journal of Virology. After triggering an outbreak in China, SARS spread to 26 countries around the world, infecting more than people and killing more than over the course of several months, according to History. The disease causes fever, chills and body aches, and often progresses to pneumonia, a severe condition in which the lungs become inflamed and fill with pus.
SARS has an estimated mortality rate of 9. The virus may have originated in bats and passed through an intermediate animal before infecting people, according to Nature. The initial outbreak prompted an extensive quarantine of Wuhan and nearby cities, restrictions on travel to and from affected countries and a worldwide effort to develop diagnostics, treatments and vaccines.
Since its appearance, the virus has caused over five million deaths worldwide, according to Reuters. Common symptoms include fever, cough, loss of taste or smell and shortness of breath and more serious symptoms include breathing difficulties, chest pain and loss of mobility. On Aug. In December , this vaccine became the first to be approved after a large clinical trial, according to Nature.
According to WHO , the disease infected camels before passing into humans and can trigger a fever, coughing and shortness of breath in infected people. Vaccines create a herd immunity that helps prevent an outbreak. There are five different types of viruses: Conjugate vaccines, inactivated vaccines, live, attenuated vaccines, subunit vaccines and toxoid vaccines.
There are several ways people can slow the spread of a virus in lieu of drugs or vaccination. These include thorough and frequent hand washing, eating a fruit and vegetable-rich diet, using an alcohol-based sanitizer and getting enough sleep each night.
Around the world, nurses contribute to the prevention, management and containment of viral outbreaks by caring for infected patients and educating the public on prevention strategies. Advanced practice nurses also fill a leadership role that involves working with government leaders and advocating for health care equality.
Across a variety of roles and specializations, nursing professionals fight viruses in numerous ways. Some of their methods are direct, such as preventing surgical infections. Others are legislative in nature, such as advocating for care equality by questioning imbalanced care delivery systems. Nurses also share their expertise with the public on a host of vital topics, such as care delivery models, infection prevention and the distribution of important resources.
Public health nurses were involved in managing the severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS outbreak in They did so by tracing contacts, educating the public regarding disease signs and symptoms and serving in research teams in related case control studies. Nursing researchers have also benefited HIV testing and prevention in Malawi via identifying the benefits of working with religious leaders to promote HIV testing and prevention behaviors.
Additionally, nurses have developed family planning services in Kenya by providing childbearing families with the opportunity to space pregnancies to support the health of pregnant women.
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